Dogs learn from an early age

Dear Gus, We’ve just purchased a puppy, and have heard so much about “crate training”.Why is crate training better than just gating off the bathroom or laundry to confine the dog to an easily cleaned area when we are not able to supervise him? Dan W., Orange Dan, the first thing you need to understand is a “dog’s life”. Dogs are born with a natural denning instinct. The earliest dens were a cave, hollow log or a hole in the ground. The dog will instinctively not soil where it sleeps. During the first five weeks of the dog’s life, they live on mother’s milk, and the mother then cleans up their waste when they eliminate. Once the dog is introduced to solid food, the mother will bring the dog out of the den and stimulate him to eliminate outside. Crate training your puppy will continue this natural denning instinct, and make housebreaking the puppy much easier. It will also keep him out of mischief at times that you cannot supervise him. The bathroom or laundry is’ too large to simulate the den, and also leaves too much room for damage or injury to your pup. It also will isolate your pup from day to day life, which can result in a poorly socialized and fearful dog later on. Whenever the pup is out of the crate, the leash and collar should be introduced gently and formal guidance on how to behave should begin. Keep the pup with you at all times he is not in the crate. He will have a very short attention span, and can be introduced to a pillow or blanket as his place to rest and have quiet play outside of the crate. Recognize that he needs to eliminate very soon after meals, and take him outside to a specific “dog relief” area immediately after eating and awakening. He should be housebroken in a few days. Keep his crate in an area where the family spends most of their time, so that when he is in the crate (which should not be for long periods of time other than overnight) he is still part of the family. I hope this helps! Gus.

Special to the Bulletin There is no more joyous occasion for a couple than bringing a newborn baby home from the hospital. However, that occasion can sometimes, unfortunately, carry very real dangers if there is a pet dog waiting in the house. Gus Marnel, a longtime resident of Milford and certified, licensed dog trainer, says a family dog improperly prepared for the “new arrival” can oftentimes turn hostile and even aggressive. “It’s unfortunately the reason why sometimes a dog ends up being taken out of the home permanently,” says Marnel, owner of K-9 Communications. He says employing key strategies when training a dog can help him easily accept a baby into the fold. In fact, he says dogs are often the first to know a woman is pregnant (even before the woman!) since their sense of smell is strong enough to detect even the slightest hormonal changes. Marnel, who has been training canines for 30 years, recommends that before the baby is born both the father- and mother-to-be take extra time to familiarize the dog with the new changes about to take place. “Let him into the nursery. Let him smell the new bassinet and other items in the room,” said Marnel. “Don’t be overly concerned with the room being immaculately clean . . . Yelling at him to get out of the room is only going to increase his curiosity and make him more tense.” He also said the mother-to-be should spend a lot of time with the dog before the birth, so the canine doesn’t feel left out. Dogs can actually experience feelings of jealousy, he says, especially when a couple’s lavish doses of love and affection switch from the trusted family dog to the new baby. “I would also add that you should bring something home from the hospital with the baby’s scent on it, like the baby blanket and let the dog smell it,” he said.Why all this fuss and bother? Marnel says that dogs are descendants of wolves and are pack animals. Any dog properly integrated into a home knows his place in the “pack.” For example, with a married couple the dog has fully accepted that one human is the pack leader or what is known as the “alpha” wolf, the other human being in the house is second in charge, and the dog is completely comfortable being relegated to number three. However, when a baby is introduced into the house, the dog expects to keep his No. 3 ranking, and treats the baby as a vulnerable puppy whom he can exploit and bully into a No. 4 status. This tendency can be remedied, says Marnel, by greeting the dog at the front door of the house with the baby as soon as the couple gets home from the hospital. “Greet the dog with the baby as soon as you come home,” says Marnel. “Let the dog sniff the baby from head to toe. Maybe the dog will lick the baby. That’s okay, too.” Marnel says just these few simple steps will ensure a happy relationship between baby and dog. “Children and dogs go together like peanut butter and jelly,” he said. “If you follow these steps, you’ll find the dog becomes the baby’s best buddy and bodyguard.” Marnel says if you already have a baby or toddler in the house and are shopping for a dog, the best breeds for youngsters are Labrador Retrievers and Golden Retrievers. “They are breeds that are good for kids because they have very low aggression,” he says. He advises staying away from high-strung Pomeranians, poodles and Chihuahuas, as well as Jack Russell terriers. He says the Jack Russell can sometimes be high-energy, demanding and a bit nippy. He says she also steers people away from Rotweilers, Bull Mastiffs and Dobermans. Marnel said when a dog owner calls him he conducts a personal consultation, evaluation and then a period of training, which can take on average about three to four weeks. He teaches the standard sit, stay, come, heel and lie down — the five commands any dog should know backwards, he says. Knowing these commands will help keep dogs under control around children.“ A lot of dogs end up getting put to sleep after having bitten a child,” he says. “That’s a real problem with our society. We live in a disposable world where if a dog makes a mistake, you just get rid of it.” Marnel says proper training could avoid many such tragedies. Consistency is the magic word with any dog, he says. He says an owner should expect the average puppy to live 15 to 16 years, which makes for a long-term relationship between owner and pet. "A dog is a phenomenal gift to give your family. You get all that unconditional love and moral support from a dog. Just ask anyone who owns a dog," he says. "It makes all the difference in the world to know your best friend is home waiting for you." Marnel says dogs are amazing creatures and there is actually a series of studies being conducted by scientists in which dogs are being used to discover cancer in humans via their astounding sense of smell.

Dear Gus, My dog, Penelope, is a 2 1/2 year old purebred standard female dachshund. Unfortunately, due to her habit of urinating a small amount when she sees a visitor, we now call her Penelope the Piddler. This has been going on since we first got her, when she was about eightweeks-old. She is housebroken, except for this issue, and eliminates when she is taken outside. We asked our vet about this, and he said that she might grow out of it - but, after 2 years, she hasn’t. She even piddled next to Mitch Goldblatt’s shoe one time - and boy, was that embarrassing. What can we do? Diane C. Orange Dear Diane, Although Penelope’s problem is troubling, it is not uncommon. At 2years, the first step is to have your veterinarian examine her to rule out any medical condition, for example urinary track problems. If there is no medical cause, then this is usually a socialization problem, and an example of submissive urination. The next time you expect a visitor advise the visitor of this ahead of time to ignore the dog. This should create a sense of curiosity in Penelope, and she should approach the visitor. Do not approach her. When Penelope approaches your visitors, they should present themselves as small as possible by knelling down. Keep your tone of voice very soft and calm, and avoid direct eye contact. When Penelope licks or sniffs the visitor, a quiet “good girl” is sufficient, and you should all go about your visit. Repeating this process will help to build Penelope’s confidence, and hopefully in a short period of time, the water-works will be a memory. Hope this helps. Gus Gus Marnel of Milford is a registered professional trainer and a member of the Professional Dog Trainers Association.

As we make preparations for the Holiday season, there are a few things that we should keep in mind to make sure the season is healthy and stress free for our canine companions. A number of Holiday plants are poisonous, and should be kept out of nibble range from our pets. These include mistletoe and poinsettia, as well as some other common houseplants such as aloe vera. When we have the holiday treats out, make sure that your pet does not eat foods such as chocolate and even apples (the seeds are poisonous). Just as we are trying not to overindulge over the Holidays, we should also limit the amount of treats we give our pets. New foods or just too much of a good thing can cause a stomach upset and vomiting. And make sure to supervise your pet around the Christmas tree, since he may be curious about the big, new decoration. If you use a preservative in the Christmas tree water, make sure that your pet does not have access to it, since it too is poisonous. Many times the family decides to get a new pet for the Holiday season. Although well intentioned, this is generally not the best time for a new addition to your family. It tends to be a time of little routine, lots of people coming and going, and will make it more difficult for you to begin housebreaking and training for your new pet. It’s important to establish routines for your pet, and this may be very difficult right now, especially if you have Holiday travel planned. Instead, put a stuffed dog under the tree for the children, with the promise of the “live version” after the New Year. With all of the shopping, decorating, and entertaining, and the stress of trying to do it all, make some time to stop and relax! Grab your pet, sit down with him, close your eyes and gently pet him. Your blood pressure will lower, you’ll relax and the bond you have with your pet or pets will be enhanced immensely. After all, this is why we have pets. Have a happy and safe holiday and a health, prosperous New Year. Editor’s note: Gus Marnel is a Registered Professional Trainer and Owner of K-9 Communications

The Canine Corner Question: My four-year-old, female mixed breed dog, Lady, will routinely defecate in certain areas of my home. She typically will do this during the night, even though she will have been given plenty of opportunity to take care of business before we all go to bed. I now keep most of these areas gated off, which has reduced, but not eliminated the problem. What causes this behavior, and how can I stop it, other than keeping parts of my house off limits to her? Jill, Orange Gus: Lady sounds as if she is being opportunistic, and really doesn’t understand when and where she is supposed to defecate. Typically, a dog will not do this inside as an intentional act. Although the “marking” of territory with urine is a common behavior, dogs do not mark with feces. The urine marking by dogs is the dog world equivalent of you on leaving a business card, saying, “I’ve been here, and this is who I am”. However, with feces, this usually means that the dog does not understand that it is not acceptable to defecate in these areas. When the dog was first being housebroken, it probably had defecated in these areas, and there is still a scent of feces there, telling your dog that this is where it’s supposed to go. The odor from past incidences lends an air of familiarity to these spots and the scent triggers the habit of defecating. The first step is to thoroughly neutralize old odors, using one of the enzymatic products that are commonly available. If you are unable to identify all areas that have been soiled in the past, you can purchase a “black light” at the pet store which will illuminate these areas clearly. Because the dogs’ sense of smell is so much more acute than yours, don’t assume that because you smell no odor, none exists. After the scents are neutralized, the dog should be given closely supervised access to these areas of the home. If the dog does go to defecate, she should be corrected, either with a sharp “no”, or through distraction by making a loud noise (for example, shaking a can with pennies in it). The dog should be immediately brought outside, and when it defecates in the appropriate outdoor area, praised heavily, either with verbal praise or a favorite food treat. It’s also important that you understand the elimination patterns of your pet, so that you allow it access to outdoors at the correct times. Typically the dog should be brought outside after eating, upon awakening, and after stressful situations. Good luck with Lady! Tip of the Month: Have your dog vaccinated for “kennel cough” (Bordetella or Tracheobronchitis), even if you do not board your pet. Kennel cough can be either bacterial or viral, and is highly contagious. Your do can become infected through close contact with dogs at: obedience class, a dog park, or even a pet store that allows pets to visit. The vaccine against Bordetella, the most common cause of kennel cough, is extremely effective, and is commonly given through a nasal spray and provides immunity in 5-7 days.

Dear Gus: My dog, Princess, is generally obedient when walking on a leash. I walk her with a long, retractable one and she usually follows commands to “leave it”, “come” and “go home”. The problem is that when a truck, or car with a loud engine comes by, she lunges and barks fiercely until the vehicle passes. She then immediately calms down, and we resume our walk. What causes this behavior, and how do I stop it and make our walks more pleasant? Pat, Orange, CT Gus: Two things generally cause this problem: a failure in your fundamental obedience work, and a conditioned response to the stimulus (the vehicle) by both you and Princess. So the solution has two basic building blocks. First, work with your dog on basic commands, such as heal and sit. You have a weak spot in your obedience, and the dog Gus doesn’t understand what the appropriate behavior is. Walking Princess past any distraction, be it a truck, another animal, or a child on a bicycle, without a firm basic obedience foundation, is like trying to graduate from college if you haven’t finished kindergarten. Your goal is to be able to command Princess to heal when you see the truck coming, and have her walk calmly by your side. Begin by training on the heal command indoors, where there are few distractions, and then, once Princess follows your verbal cues all the time, move to outdoors in your yard, and finally on a walk. When Princess heals with you, give her reinforcement with generous praise and petting. When she does not follow instructions, give her a correction with a loud “No”. In a relatively short time period, Princess should come and walk next to you until the distraction passes. The next step is to overcome the conditioned response. When Princess first lunged and barked at a truck, you probably became apprehensive and pulled on the leash firmly until the truck passed by. This told Princess that you were afraid of the truck, and needed to be protected from it. Once the truck passed, and Princess calmed down, you probably rewarded her for calming down. But Princess thought she was being rewarded for making the truck go away. Now your behavior has become conditioned—whenever you see a truck approaching, you become apprehensive and pull back on the leash. And this is the cue to Princess to bark and lunge, make the truck go away. Your expectation (that Princess will lunge and bark) flows down the leash, and Princess gets ready to react and protect you from the truck, lunging and barking until she makes it go away. Once you are confident in your basic obedience, call Princess to heal when you see the truck approaching. Leave the leash loose, so you do not telescope your apprehension to her. Leaving the leash loose will tell her that you are not afraid of the truck, and she will soon stop feeling the need to chase the truck away. Good luck! Tip of the Month: Make sure that you check your dog for ticks at least once a day. There are a number of tick borne illnesses, Lyme disease being the most common. However, the tick usually needs to be attached to your pet at least 24 hours before it will transmit a disease. So prompt tick removal is a good way of preventing illness in your pet. Gus Marnel is a professional trainer with a local practice. Questions may be directed to him in care of the Bulletin at 876-6800 .

Dear Gus, My dog Dylan (age 2) is suddenly going through a phases where he won’t obey me. He was taught the “come” command as a puppy, and has always been very obedient until recently. Lately he is in his own world, and doesn’t respond to me unless we are in “the training mode”. Otherwise, he ignores my commands. When in training, I always praise and reward him for obeying, but suddenly he doesn’t want to obey. He knows what the command means, and what is expected of him, but just ignores me. Why this sudden change in behavior, and what can I do about it? Annie Annie, your problem with Dylan is most likely the same that most human parents eventually have with our teenagers! At 2 dog years, Dylan is about the equivalent of a 15-year old and may be testing boundaries. Dylan didn’t forget his training, nor is he confused. He is being very calculating, much like a human child entering adolescence, with very selective hearing. He wants to be in command, not second to you as Alpha. And just like with human teenagers, if you give him an inch. he’ll take a mile. You will need to be very firm (not harsh) in your training, or actually retraining. Every time Dylan “ignores” you, it reconfirms that fact that he can be the Alpha member of the pack. Your goal in retraining wit be to reassert yourself as the Alpha, and Dylan as the second. First off, when you give a command, use your “command” voice (generally lower in tone) at all times. If Dylan does not come on a single command, you need to go put the leash on him, and have him come. Reward him on the “come” command, with verbal praise and affection. Do not allow him to ignore a single command. For right now, this means you probably don’t want to call him to come unless you are prepared to go and get him. If you continue to allow him to “win” you will have a “Ten command dog”! Retaining with Dylan will reward both of you for years to come. I hope this helps! -Gus

Dear Gus, I am trying to find a trainer for our dog. Each trainer I speak with seems to have different training methods, and I’m very confused as to how to make a choice. What questions should I be asking? Alexandra H., Orange Dear Alexandra, The choice of a trainer, or teacher, is very personal. The actual outcome(lessons taught) is pretty universal, however as you have noticed, the method of teaching can be very different. The big difference will be in the style oftraining, beliefs in the psychology of canines, and in the design of a program for working with clients within the boundaries of state regulations.Because there is no licensure or regulatory requirement for education or experience for a dog trainer, so trainers can we very different skill sets. However, if your dog is being left with a trainer for any length of time, the trainer must be licensed as a kennel and the facility also must be a state licensed training facility. These licenses are very difficult to obtain and give you some assurance as to quality. You should get as much information from the trainer as possible regarding the number of years they we been training, and what education and internships they have completed. For example, are they a member of the Professional Dog Trainers Association? The training process that is described to you should so make sense. If it sounds confusing to you, it will be confusing to your pet. Under no circumstances would I recommend using a trainer that uses pinch collars or electrical devices as part of the training. Hitting or striking the dog would never be permissible. The trainer should train using positive reinforcement, be it praise, or in some cases a desired food treat, not punishment. Working with basic commands (heel, sit, down, come) will be the same for all breeds and styles of training, however, the training plan will be different for a large male Rottweiler versus a Toy Poodle. This is where the education and experience of the trainer you select will be important. Some trainers tend to have experience with a specific breed, or type of training - for example “problem dog” training. You should always ask for references from the trainer, and follow up and speak to someone who has already worked with this trainer. Lastly, your experience with your canine companion and the trainer should be an enjoyable one. Try to get an education in canine psychology as part of the process. Training should be an ongoing process of fun and bonding for you and your pet, with the end result a Canine Good Citizen who can go place and do things with you for many happy and wonderful years to come. Gus Marnel

Dear Gus, Our 16-month-old female dog was a “chewer” as a puppy, but seemed to out-grow it. Now suddenly she has started chewing again. This started up during the weeklong rainy period we had, but is persisting. She chews almost always wooden objects, for example, the woodwork and even the flooring of the deck. She gets plenty of attention including outdoor playtime and training, but still this persists. We have tried spraying the areas she chews with Bitter Apple, but that only works for a few hours before she is back to chewing. We’re at our wits end on how to stop this habit. Any suggestions? Dear Pat, First off, chewing is a normal dog behavior. Even adult dogs have a need to chew—this exercises their jaws, and also relieves stress and boredom. That said, this is a distressing habit to all dog owners, and can be dangerous for your canine -companion if she begins swallowing small, sharp pieces of wood. And decks built prior to December, 2003 typically use pressure treated lumber that is preserved with a scent of cocoa hull mulch. However, chemical called Chromated Copper Arsenate that includes arsenic, and can be toxic to pets if ingested. So this is an important habit to break, not just from an aesthetic viewpoint, but for safety reasons too. During the recent rainy spell, changes in routine may have affected your dog. When we break our routines of outdoor play, walks, and training sessions, the dog’s internal clock is affected. Dogs thrive with a routine, so just the fact of a change in her usual day may have made your dog anxious. She may have also become bored and anxious without having her normal outlet of energetic play. At this point, you need to step back in your training, and not leave your dog unsupervised. If you need to leave her alone, you may need to leave her in her crate or exercise pen for her own safety and your sanity. When you are home, keep her well supervised, and provide her with acceptable and desirable chew toys. A “Kong” layered with treats can keep your dog busy for an extended time period. The more your dog is provided with desirable and acceptable things to chew, the less she will chew on unacceptable items. Also get into an established routine that includes plenty of boredom and stress reducing exercise. I hope this helps and you are back to your normal routine. Gus. SPRING NOTE: As we do our Spring yard maintenance, many of us prefer the look and scent of coca hull mulch. However, cocoa mulch contains the Theobromine, which is an ingredient of chocolate that is toxic to dogs if eaten. So if you do use cocoa mulch, make sure that your pet does not eat the mulch.